DATA RATE AND MODULATION ADAPTATION IN 5G IoT NETWORKS WITH VARIABLE NODE DENSITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2411-2976.12026.13-19Keywords:
Internet of Things, 5G, mMTC, physical layer, data rate adaptation, modulation adaptation, variable node density, SINRAbstract
Background. The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has led to a significant increase in the number of connected devices and the expansion of IoT applications in industrial automation, logistics, smart buildings, transport systems, and other areas with intensive radio resource usage. Under such conditions, the task of ensuring efficient wireless communication with a large and dynamically changing number of connected devices becomes increasingly relevant. At the same time, the performance of a wireless IoT system depends not only on the availability of network resources but also on the ability of the physical layer to adapt to variable channel conditions caused by dynamic node density. Although fifth-generation communication systems (5G) provide support for massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), the existing channel adaptation mechanisms were developed mainly for broadband user equipment (modems, routers) and require further refinement with due regard for the specific features of dense IoT environments. In particular, IoT networks are characterised by limited energy resources, irregular traffic generation, and dynamic fluctuations in the number of simultaneously active nodes. Consequently, static or poorly adaptive configurations of physical-layer parameters may result in inefficient spectrum utilisation, an increased error probability, and a deterioration in communication quality.
Objective. The paper aims to analyse the influence of variable node density on the physical-layer parameters of 5G IoT networks and to present a conceptual approach to the adaptation of data transmission rate and modulation scheme, taking into account the current state of the radio channel.
Methods. The paper proposes an analytical approach that combines a review of recent scientific publications in the fields of 5G, mMTC, and physical-layer parameter adaptation with a formalised description of the influence of active node density on the received signal power and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR - the ratio of useful signal power to the sum of interference and noise powers). On this basis, the set of admissible transmission modes is considered, and a conceptual density-aware approach to data rate and modulation adaptation without changing the transmission power is proposed.
Results. The paper considers variable active node density as a physically significant parameter affecting the operation of the wireless channel through changes in interference and the spatial characteristics of the network. Data transmission rate and modulation scheme are proposed as the main physical-layer adaptation parameters for the class of tasks under consideration. An adaptation concept is proposed within which the choice of the transmission mode is associated with the current SINR level, the density of active nodes, and the distance between the transmitter and the receiver.
Conclusions. The proposed approach enables the correlation of channel parameter adaptation at the physical layer with the actual dynamics of the radio environment in 5G IoT networks. The obtained results may be used as a theoretical basis for further modelling and for the development of applied adaptation algorithms in systems with massive device connectivity.
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